Income-adjusted scenario · not observed data
Estimated 2024 births by household income group
This estimates how Malaysia’s registered births might be distributed across B40, M40 and T20 using an income–fertility relationship from a Malaysian national time-series study. No official birth-registration cross-tabulation by B40/M40/T20 has been found; these are model allocations, not observed counts.
National live births in the dashboard414,918
Explore Malaysia
Click a state on the map, then choose a district to inspect its 2024 indicators.
This is an offline geographic-style state selector, not an official boundary map. District-level statistics appear in the table and detail panel; district boundary geometry is not included in your CSV files.
Selangor
Select a district
Interpretation: Birth rate means live births per 1,000 population. District births are assigned by the mother's usual residence, not necessarily the hospital where the birth occurred. Mean and median income are monthly gross household income in RM. These are separate measures and do not imply that income caused birth-rate differences.
Sources, coverage & limitations
- Birth District Sex Data.csv: district births and crude birth rate. Filtered to 2024 and sex = “both”.
- hh_income_district(1).csv: district mean and median gross monthly household income. Filtered to 2024.
- ICU JPM eKasih: registered poor and hardcore-poor household heads (KIR), snapshot dated 15 December 2024. The exact 31 December PDF link supplied could not be retrieved for verification, so the dashboard labels the verified 15 December snapshot rather than claiming it is 31 December data. State shares are percentages of the national registered KIR total.
- Income is matched by state and district name, including common spelling variants. If a district has no direct income match, its income fields are shown as unavailable; no imputation is used.
- B40/M40/T20 birth model: the dashboard now presents an exploratory, income-adjusted allocation of registered births. It uses DOSM 2024 representative mean household incomes (D1–D4: RM3,814; D5–D8: RM8,744; D9–D10: RM20,662) and the -0.108027 income coefficient reported by Zulqarnain and Md Yusuf (2022). The study uses a national time series (1982–2019) and adjusted net national income per capita, not separate household-level fertility estimates by B40/M40/T20. Applying the coefficient to household-group mean incomes is a modelling assumption.
- Model population-share proxy: the calculation assumes 40% of reproductive-age mothers are in B40 households, 40% in M40 and 20% in T20, using the household-group split as a proxy. This is not verified as the distribution of mothers or women of reproductive age. The estimated counts are not official birth counts by income group.
- eKasih limitation: KIR means Ketua Isi Rumah (household head). These are registered cases under the eKasih poverty programme, not a census of all low-income people and not a B40 count. ICU JPM reports W.P. as one combined category in this snapshot, so it is not allocated among Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan.
- Data provided by the user. Dashboard is offline and includes no external libraries, remote images, map tiles or live API calls.
- Official source references: OpenDOSM births by district · DOSM Household Income Survey 2024 · Zulqarnain & Md Yusuf (2022), fertility and socioeconomic factors · ICU JPM eKasih snapshot, 15 Dec 2024.